Two females, aged 22 and 30 years, with progressive weakness and wasting of the right hand with slight sensory disturbances. 2005 42(1):122–8.To evaluate the value of different electrophysiological techniques in the diagnosis of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Thoracic outlet syndrome: pattern of clinical success after operative decompression. Long-term outcome after transaxillary approach for thoracic outlet syndrome. Thoracic outlet syndrome surgery: long-term functional results. Outcome of surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome in Washington state workers’ compensation. Neurogenic thoracic outlet decompression: rationale for sparing the first rib. Long-term functional results for the surgical management of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. 770 consecutive supraclavicular first rib resections for thoracic outlet syndrome. Outcome following surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. Long term outcome after resection of the first rib for thoracic outlet syndrome. Selective botulinum chemodenervation of the scalene muscles for treatment of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a useful exercise treatment option. Rehabilitation of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. Imaging assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome Relative value of electrophysiological studies. Passero S, Paradiso C, Giannini F, Cioni R, Burgalassi L, Battistini N. Brachial pressure neuritis due to a normal first thoracic rib: its diagnosis and treatment by excision of rib. Transaxillary approach for first rib resection to relieve thoracic outlet syndrome. Conservative treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: a 2-year follow-up. Costoclavicular compression of the subclavian artery and vein: relation to the scalenus anticus syndrome. The neurovascular syndrome produced by hyperabduction of the arms. Surgical treatment for symptoms produced by cervical ribs and the scalenus anticus muscle. Cervical ribs:a method of anterior approach for relief of symptoms by division of scalenus anticus. Anatomy, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Congenital anomalies associated with thoracic outlet syndrome. The vascular complications of cervical ribs and first thoracic rib abnormalities. Historical perspectives and anatomic considerations. Thoracic-outlet syndrome: evaluation of a therapeutic exercise program. This chapter aims to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome by explaining both the classic and difficult presentations of the syndrome, the examination manoeuvres, investigative techniques, the indications for surgery, the operative approach, outcomes and complications. In these cases thoracic outlet syndrome is a frustrating condition to diagnose, leading many to ignore it or even refute its existence. However such obvious signs of severe neuropathy are very rare and usually the compression or irritation is mild, intermittent, postural, and proximal leading to ill-defined symptoms and signs. The classic neurological presentation is of compression of the lower roots or lower trunk of the brachial plexus presenting with severe ulnar neuropathy but including wasting of abductor pollicis brevis (the median nerve T1 innervated muscle) and including sensory disturbance of the medial forearm (the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm arises proximally from the medial cord). The compression may become constant rather than postural, and the compression may involve the nerves of the brachial plexus rather than the artery. Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) in its simplest form is postural compression of the subclavian artery causing relative ischaemia of the upper limb presenting as fatigue, claudication and pallor usually with overhead activity or caudal depression of the shoulder.
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